Clinical and economic consequences of ventilator-associated pneumonia: a systematic review.
نویسندگان
چکیده
BACKGROUND Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) is the most common nosocomial infection in critically ill patients. The clinical and economic consequences of VAP are unclear, with a broad range of values reported in the literature OBJECTIVE To perform a systematic review to determine the incidence of VAP and its attributable mortality rate, length of stay, and costs. DATA SOURCE Computerized PUBMED and MEDLINE search supplemented by manual searches for relevant articles, limited to articles published after 1990. STUDY SELECTION English-language observational studies and randomized trials that provided data on the incidence of VAP were included. Matched cohort studies were included for calculation of attributable mortality rate and length of stay. DATA EXTRACTION Data were extracted on patient population, diagnostic criteria for VAP, incidence, outcome, type of intensive care unit, and study design. DATA SYNTHESIS The cumulative incidence of VAP was calculated by combining the results of several studies using standard formulas for combining proportions, in which the weighted average and variance are calculated. Results from studies comparing intensive care unit and hospital mortality due to VAP, additional length of stay, and additional days of mechanical ventilation were pooled using a random effects model, with assessment of heterogeneity. RESULTS Our findings indicate a) between 10% and 20% of patients receiving >48 hrs of mechanical ventilation will develop VAP; b) critically ill patients who develop VAP appear to be twice as likely to die compared with similar patients without VAP (pooled odds ratio, 2.03; 95% confidence interval, 1.16-3.56); c) patients with VAP have significantly longer intensive care unit lengths of stay (mean = 6.10 days; 95% confidence interval, 5.32-6.87 days); and d) patients who develop VAP incur > or = USD $10,019 in additional hospital costs. CONCLUSIONS Ventilator-associated pneumonia occurs in a considerable proportion of patients undergoing mechanical ventilation and is associated with substantial morbidity, a two-fold mortality rate, and excess cost. Given these findings, strategies that effectively prevent VAP are urgently needed.
منابع مشابه
عنوان: Impact of Care Program on Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia Incidence: A Clinical Trial
چکیده: Background: Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) is one of the common problems in patients who are under mechanical ventilation and increases the hospitalization duration and treatment expenses. The current study was conducted to determine the impact of a care program on VAP. Methods: This clinical trial was performed on intubated patients who were under mechanical ventilation in Intens...
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Background: Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia is the most important cause of mortality of nosocomial infections. Still incidence of ventilator-associated pneumonia and its related risk factors in routine nursing care in the intensive care unit has not been studied. The aim of this study was to determine the incidence of Ventilator-Associated in intensive care units and its relationship with risk ...
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ورودعنوان ژورنال:
- Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America
دوره 49 Suppl 1 شماره
صفحات -
تاریخ انتشار 2005